What are some common types of cyberattacks that businesses face?
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Cybersecurity is crucial because it protects sensitive data, systems, and networks from cyber threats like hacking, malware, ransomware, and data breaches. Here are some key reasons why cybersecurity matters:
Cyber threats come in many forms, each designed to exploit vulnerabilities in systems, networks, and individuals. Here are some of the most common types.
1. Phishing Attacks
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What it is: Fraudulent emails or messages that trick employees into revealing sensitive information or downloading malware.
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Common targets: Login credentials, financial data, or internal systems.
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Variants: Spear phishing (targeted) and whaling (high-profile executives).
2. Ransomware
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What it is: Malware that encrypts company data and demands payment (usually in cryptocurrency) for the decryption key.
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Impact: Can halt business operations and lead to data loss or leaks.
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Common delivery methods: Phishing emails, vulnerable software, or malicious attachments.
3. Malware (Viruses, Worms, Trojans)
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What it is: Malicious software designed to damage systems, steal data, or gain unauthorized access.
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Spread: Through infected downloads, compromised websites, or email attachments.
4. Denial-of-Service (DoS) / Distributed DoS (DDoS) Attacks
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What it is: Flooding a network or server with traffic to make services unavailable.
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Impact: Service outages, lost revenue, and damaged reputation.
5. Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
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What it is: Attackers intercept communications between two parties to steal or alter data.
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Common scenarios: Unsecured public Wi-Fi or compromised routers.
6. SQL Injection
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What it is: Inserting malicious SQL code into a query to gain unauthorized access to a database.
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Targets: Web applications that don’t sanitize input properly.
7. Zero-Day Exploits
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What it is: Attacks that exploit unknown or unpatched software vulnerabilities.
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Danger: High, because there are no defenses or patches yet.
8. Credential Stuffing
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What it is: Automated use of stolen username/password combinations to gain access to multiple systems.
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Success relies on: People reusing passwords across platforms.
9. Insider Threats
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What it is: Employees or contractors intentionally or unintentionally compromising security.
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Examples: Data theft, policy violations, or social engineering.
10. Business Email Compromise (BEC)
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What it is: Targeted attacks where cybercriminals impersonate executives or vendors to trick employees into sending money or data.
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Often involves: Social engineering and spoofed email domains.
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