What does a firewall do in a network?

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Encryption secures data by converting it into a secret code that can only be read by someone who has the correct key to unlock or "decrypt" it. This protects the data from unauthorized access.

A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. Its primary purpose is to act as a barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external networks, such as the internet.

Key Functions of a Firewall:

1. Traffic Filtering:
   It allows or blocks data packets based on rules like IP addresses, ports, protocols, and application types.

2. Access Control:
   Firewalls control which users or systems can access certain parts of the network.

3. Threat Prevention:
   It helps prevent unauthorized access, malware, and attacks like DDoS or SQL injection.

4. Monitoring and Logging:
   Firewalls keep logs of traffic and events, which helps in identifying suspicious activity or diagnosing issues.

5. Network Address Translation (NAT) (in some firewalls):
   Helps hide internal IP addresses from the external world, adding an extra layer of security.

Types of Firewalls:

• Packet-Filtering Firewall: Inspects individual packets without considering the connection state.

• Stateful Inspection Firewall: Tracks the state of active connections and makes decisions based on the context.

• Application-Layer Firewall: Filters traffic for specific applications (e.g., HTTP, FTP).

• Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW): Includes deep packet inspection, intrusion prevention, and application awareness.

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