How do ransomware attacks typically occur?

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Social engineering in security refers to the manipulation of people into performing actions or divulging confidential information, often by exploiting human emotions such as trust, fear, or urgency. Instead of attacking a computer system directly, social engineering targets the human element of security, making it one of the most effective and dangerous forms of cyberattack.

Ransomware attacks typically occur when malicious software (malware) is used to encrypt a victim’s files or lock their system, making it inaccessible until a ransom is paid—usually in cryptocurrency. These attacks often begin with a security breach caused by user actions or system vulnerabilities.

Common ways ransomware attacks happen:

1. Phishing Emails:
   One of the most common methods. Victims receive an email that looks legitimate and contains a malicious attachment or link. Once clicked, the ransomware is downloaded and activated.

2. Malicious Links or Ads (Malvertising):
   Users may unknowingly click on a fake advertisement or compromised website that installs ransomware onto their device.

3. Drive-By Downloads:
   Simply visiting an infected or compromised website can trigger an automatic download of ransomware without the user’s knowledge.

4. Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) Exploits:
   Cybercriminals use weak or stolen RDP credentials to gain remote access to a system, then manually install the ransomware.

5. Software Vulnerabilities:
   Attackers exploit outdated or unpatched software and operating systems to inject ransomware into a network or device.

6. Infected Software or Apps:
   Users may download fake or pirated software that secretly includes ransomware.

What happens next:

Once the ransomware is installed, it quickly encrypts files and may display a ransom note demanding payment for the decryption key. Some advanced ransomware also threatens to publish or sell stolen data if the ransom isn't paid.

Summary:

Ransomware attacks usually start through human error or technical weaknesses. Staying alert, avoiding suspicious links, keeping software updated, and using strong cybersecurity practices can help prevent them.

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