What are common types of malware?

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Social engineering in security refers to the manipulation of people into performing actions or divulging confidential information, often by exploiting human emotions such as trust, fear, or urgency. Instead of attacking a computer system directly, social engineering targets the human element of security, making it one of the most effective and dangerous forms of cyberattack.

Malware (short for malicious software) is any software designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a computer, network, or user. It comes in many forms, each with its own purpose and method of attack. Here are some of the most common types of malware:

1. Viruses: These attach themselves to legitimate files or programs and spread when the infected file is run. They can corrupt data, slow down systems, or destroy files.

2. Worms: Unlike viruses, worms can spread on their own without attaching to other files. They often exploit security flaws to move from one computer to another, consuming bandwidth and crashing systems.

3. Trojans: Named after the Trojan Horse from Greek mythology, these appear to be useful or harmless software but actually contain harmful code. Once installed, they can steal data, spy on users, or open backdoors for hackers.

4. Ransomware: This type locks or encrypts a victim’s files or system and demands a ransom to restore access. It has become a major threat to businesses, hospitals, and governments.

5. Spyware: This secretly monitors user activity, such as keystrokes, passwords, or browsing habits, often sending the information to cybercriminals.

6. Adware: While not always harmful, adware displays unwanted ads, often in a disruptive way. Some forms may track user behavior and compromise privacy.

7. Rootkits: These hide deep in the system, giving attackers full control while remaining undetected by most security software.

8. Botnets: These are networks of infected computers controlled remotely by a hacker, often used for large-scale attacks like spam or DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks..

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