What is phishing in cyber security?

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Social engineering in security refers to the manipulation of people into performing actions or divulging confidential information, often by exploiting human emotions such as trust, fear, or urgency. Instead of attacking a computer system directly, social engineering targets the human element of security, making it one of the most effective and dangerous forms of cyberattack.

Phishing in cybersecurity is a type of cyber attack where attackers try to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information, such as passwords, credit card numbers, or login credentials. It typically involves fraudulent emails, messages, or websites that appear to come from legitimate sources.

Key Characteristics of Phishing:

  • Deception: Messages look like they're from trusted organizations (e.g., banks, government agencies, or well-known companies).

  • Urgency or fear tactics: Phishing emails often create a sense of urgency ("Your account will be locked!"), prompting hasty actions.

  • Malicious links or attachments: Clicking links may lead to fake login pages or download malware.


Common Types of Phishing:

  1. Email Phishing: Fake emails that look like they come from reputable sources.

  2. Spear Phishing: Targeted phishing aimed at specific individuals or organizations, often using personal details.

  3. Smishing: Phishing via SMS (text messages).

  4. Vishing: Phishing via voice calls.

  5. Whaling: Targeting high-profile individuals like executives or public figures.


How to Spot Phishing:

  • Suspicious sender address (e.g., typos in the domain).

  • Generic greetings like “Dear customer.”

  • Poor grammar or spelling.

  • Unexpected attachments or links.

  • Requests for sensitive info via email or message.


How to Protect Yourself:

  • Don't click on suspicious links.

  • Verify senders before responding.

  • Use multi-factor authentication (MFA).

  • Keep software up to date.

  • Report phishing attempts to IT/security teams or authorities.

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