Define a firewall and its purpose.
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Cybersecurity is crucial because it protects sensitive data, systems, and networks from cyber threats like hacking, malware, ransomware, and data breaches.
Social engineering in security refers to the manipulation of people into performing actions or divulging confidential information, often by exploiting human emotions such as trust, fear, or urgency. Instead of attacking a computer system directly, social engineering targets the human element of security, making it one of the most effective and dangerous forms of cyberattack.\Phishing is a type of cyberattack where attackers try to trick you into giving up sensitive information—like usernames, passwords, credit card numbers, or personal data—by pretending to be a trustworthy entity. It often happens via email, but can also occur through text messages (smashing), phone calls (vishing), or fake websites.
A firewall is a network security device or software that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
Purpose of a Firewall:
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Traffic Filtering – Allows only authorized traffic and blocks unauthorized access.
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Network Protection – Protects internal networks from external threats like hackers, malware, and viruses.
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Access Control – Restricts access to sensitive resources based on IP addresses, ports, or protocols.
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Monitoring & Logging – Tracks network activity to detect suspicious behavior or breaches.
Types of Firewalls:
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Hardware Firewall: A physical device installed between a network and the internet.
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Software Firewall: Installed on individual devices to monitor traffic.
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Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW): Adds advanced features like intrusion prevention and application-level filtering.
Example:
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A company uses a firewall to prevent employees from accessing unsafe websites and to block external hackers from accessing internal servers.
In short, a firewall acts like a security gate that decides what can enter or leave your network safely.
I can also make a simple analogy for firewalls that’s easy to remember for interviews. Do you want me to do that?
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